What this is: a monthly climate reference for 152 travel destinations, derived from the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis accessed through the Open-Meteo Historical Weather API. It covers the five calendar years 2019–2023 and contains 1,824 destination-month records. Every figure is computed directly from daily ERA5 values — none are estimated, interpolated or hand-entered.
The data is free to reuse with attribution. Download the full dataset as CSV or JSON below.
Want the conclusions rather than the raw numbers? Our best time to visit index and best time to travel the world pages apply this same ERA5 data to month-by-month timing advice.
Explore the data
Direct downloads (no JavaScript required): CSV, 1,824 rows · JSON. The buttons above build the same files in your browser.
Methodology
Source. ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, retrieved from the Open-Meteo Historical Weather API (archive-api.open-meteo.com/v1/archive). Period: 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023.
Location. Each destination is represented by a single geocoded coordinate (Open-Meteo geocoding API), verified against the expected country. Latitude and longitude for every destination are included in the downloads.
How each column is calculated, for a given destination and calendar month across the five years:
- Average daily high (°C) — mean of all daily maximum 2 m air temperatures in that month.
- Average daily low (°C) — mean of all daily minimum 2 m air temperatures in that month.
- Mean monthly precipitation (mm) — total precipitation across all days of that month, divided by 5 years.
- Mean wet days — number of days with precipitation ≥ 1.0 mm, divided by 5 years.
- Days sampled — daily observations behind each figure (typically 141–155, i.e. 28–31 days × 5 years).
Values are rounded to one decimal place.
Limitations
These matter if you intend to cite the data:
- A single point represents each destination; large countries are NOT spatially averaged - the coordinate is the geocoded centre or principal city, which may not represent the whole territory.
- Five years is a short climatological window and does not capture long-term trends or rare extremes.
- ERA5 is a reanalysis, not a station observation; local microclimates (coast, altitude, urban heat) may differ.
- A wet day is defined as ≥ 1.0 mm precipitation; other definitions give different counts.
- Values are rounded to one decimal place.
How to cite this dataset
| Dataset | Packzup Monthly Climate Dataset (2019–2023) |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Packzup |
| Version | 1.0 |
| Coverage | 152 destinations, 1,824 destination-month records |
| Underlying source | ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, accessed via Open-Meteo |
| Updated | 2026-08-30 |
| Canonical URL | https://packzup.com/climate-dataset/ |
Suggested citation:
Packzup Monthly Climate Dataset (2019–2023), derived from ECMWF ERA5 via Open-Meteo. https://packzup.com/climate-dataset/ (accessed [date]).
Licence and attribution
This page combines three things that belong to different people. Keeping them apart matters if you reuse it:
- The underlying data is not ours. ERA5 reanalysis is produced by ECMWF for the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), and was accessed through Open-Meteo. Packzup claims no ownership of it. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Weather data by Open-Meteo.com
- The monthly figures are our adaptation of that data, and changes were made. Daily ERA5 values were aggregated into calendar-month means; monthly precipitation was totalled and divided by five years; wet days were counted at a ≥ 1.0 mm threshold. Packzup measured nothing and observed nothing — every number is computed from the source. Offered under CC BY 4.0.
- The methodology, limitations and wording are our own text, also reusable under CC BY 4.0.
If you reuse the figures, please credit ECMWF/Copernicus and Open-Meteo alongside this page. Neither ECMWF, Copernicus nor Open-Meteo endorses Packzup or this compilation.
